Chapter Chapter 1: Intro: The Scientific Study of Life
 
Chapter Quiz
 

1 .       What is biology? (1.0) [Hint]

 the study of animal structures
 the study of life
 the study of fossils
 the study of how organisms process energy
 the study of patterns of inheritance
2 .       What is the appropriate term for an interacting group of individuals of a single type? (1.1) [Hint]

 species
 population
 ecosystem
 community
 habitat
3 .       Which series of terms is in the sequence of biological organization from the simplest to the most complex? (1.1) [Hint]

 community, population, ecosystem, habitat
 tissue, organ system, organ, cell
 organism, ecosystem, community, population
 cell, tissue, organ, population
 molecule, tissue, cell, membrane
4 .       Which of the following is true with regard to the relationship between ecosystems and communities? (1.1) [Hint]

 An ecosystem is a part of a community.
 Soil is an ecosystem component; water is a community component.
 Plants are components of an ecosystem; animals are components of a community.
 Ecosystems include the nonliving components of an environment; communities include only the living components of an environment.
 Ecosystems exclude the living components of an environment; communities include the living components of an environment.
5 .       Tissues are composed of _____. (1.1) [Hint]

 organ systems
 ecosystems
 populations
 cells
 organs
6 .       The chemical energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth ultimately comes from _____. (1.2) [Hint]

 heat
 the decomposition of plants
 the sun
 carbon dioxide
 evolution
7 .       Plants obtain their energy from _____. (1.2) [Hint]

 carbon dioxide
 light
 chemicals
 the soil
 water
8 .       What would happen if an ecosystem lacked decomposers? (1.2) [Hint]

 There would be more energy available to plants.
 There would be more nutrients available to animals.
 There would be more nutrients available to plants.
 The ecosystem would stop functioning.
 More energy would flow into an ecosystem.
9 .       Energy is incorporated into most ecosystems by _____. (1.2) [Hint]

 fungi
 plants
 animals
 decomposers
 humans
10 .       What is the molecular commonality that is the basis of life's variety? (1.4) [Hint]

 protein
 DNA
 the ecosystem
 natural selection
 mutation
11 .       Actinosphenia elegans is a unicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotic organism. To which domain does it belong? (1.5) [Hint]

 Bacteria
 Archaea
 Eukarya
 Plantae
 none of the above
12 .       In which kingdom can multicellular photosynthetic organisms be found? (1.5) [Hint]

 Monera
 Fungi
 Archaea
 Plantae
 Animalia
13 .       Protists can be distinguished from the plants and fungi because _____. (1.5) [Hint]

 protists have prokaryotic cells and may be photosynthetic
 protists may have chloroplasts and lack nuclei
 protists are eukaryotic and include both unicellular organisms and multicellular algae
 protists lack DNA
 protists are a form of bacteria
14 .       ALL protists possess _____________. (1.5) [Hint]

 chloroplasts
 cell walls
 zygotes
 nuclei
 flagella
15 .       Which of the following domains is NOT prokaryotic? (1.5) [Hint]

 Eukarya
 Bacteria
 Archaea
 All are prokaryotic.
 None are prokaryotic.
16 .       Which group within the domain Eukarya represents organisms that are generally single-celled? (1.5) [Hint]

 Plantae
 Fungi
 Animalia
 Protists
 photosynthesizers
17 .       Eukaryotic organisms that decompose dead organisms and absorb the nutrients are generally found in which kingdom? (1.5) [Hint]

 Archaea
 Bacteria
 Plantae
 Animalia
 Fungi
18 .       Humans are members of the _____. (1.5) [Hint]

 domain Eukarya
 domain Archaea
 domain Bacteria
 kingdom Plantae
 Fungi
19 .       Humans are members of the _____. (1.5) [Hint]

 domain Bacteria
 domain Archaea
 Protista
 kingdom Plantae
 kingdom Animalia
20 .       A theory is _____. (1.6) [Hint]

 a poorly supported idea that has little backing but might be correct
 a well-supported concept that has broad explanatory power
 the same thing as a hypothesis
 not correct unless it is several years old
 none of the above
21 .       Natural selection tends to act at which of the following levels? (1.6) [Hint]

 population
 species
 phylum
 kingdom
 class
22 .       A pesticide kills 99.9% of a pest population. What will be the result of the continued application of this pesticide? (1.6) [Hint]

 Every time the pesticide is applied, it will kill 99.9% of the pest population.
 Eventually, all of the pest population will be wiped out.
 The pest population will reach an equilibrium point at which the pesticide is 50% effective.
 Through time, the pesticide will become less effective at killing the pest.
 The pesticide will become resistant to the pest.
23 .       Natural selection requires _____. (1.6) [Hint]

 heritable variation only
 differential reproductive success only
 a small population size only
 both heritable variation and differential reproductive success
 heritable variation, differential reproductive success, and a small population size
24 .       Evolution by natural selection was formulated by _____. (1.6) [Hint]

 McClintock
 Watson
 Beadle
 Darwin
 Crick
25 .       Which one of the following statements is most clearly inductively derived? (1.7) [Hint]

 If any animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it can be concluded that all animals require organic molecules as nutrients.
 If all flying animals are birds, then bats are birds.
 Because worms lack bones, they are classified as invertebrates.
 A paramecium moves by means of the rhythmic motion of its cilia.
 An elephant is warm-blooded because it is a mammal.
26 .       At which point is an investigator most likely to use deductive reasoning? (1.7) [Hint]

 during initial observation(s)
 during the formulation of a hypothesis
 in establishing a test of a hypothesis
 in arranging for peer review
 none of the above
27 .       Science itself is NOT capable of _____. (1.7) [Hint]

 determining the physical causes for physical phenomena
 formulating testable hypotheses
 explaining naturally occurring events
 addressing questions of ethical dilemmas
 determining the efficacy of a diet
28 .       Discovery science is based on _____. (1.7) [Hint]

 experimentation
 inductive reasoning
 biology
 deductive reasoning
 hypothesis testing
29 .       Which of these is a scientific hypothesis? (1.7) [Hint]

 My computer is unplugged.
 My excessive urination may mean that I have high blood pressure.
 There is a God.
 Why do I have a headache?
 It is dark out.
30 .       Which of these statements concerning global warming is correct? (1.7) [Hint]

 The destruction of forests contributes to global warming.
 Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere.
 Industrial pollution increases atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
 Automobile emissions increase atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
 All of the above are correct.
31 .       Radon is a radioactive gas that seeps into homes from the soil. It is thought to be a leading cause of lung cancer. A research team investigates this theory. They gather large amounts of data on basement radon concentrations and lung cancer rates and conclude that the more radon there is, the more likely is lung cancer. After the study is published, other researchers criticize it by asserting that the studied neighborhoods with higher radon concentrations also have a higher percentage of old people and a higher percentage of cigarette smokers than the low-radon neighborhoods. Both advanced age and cigarette smoking increase the risk of lung cancer. This criticism, if correct, shows that the radon study suffered from ___________. (1.8) [Hint]

 a lack of replication
 an unfalsifiable hypothesis
 uncontrolled variables
 nonsystematic observation
 a small sample size
32 .       Should an experiment test only one variable at a time? Why or why not? (1.8) [Hint]

 Yes, because otherwise the variables could be confused with the control.
 Yes, so that the experimental outcome is clearly due to one identifiable variable.
 No, because it takes much longer to do an experiment if you change only one variable at a time.
 As long as the experiment is repeated a sufficient number of times, it doesn't matter.
 None of the above.
33 .       Experimentation is only one part of the scientific process, but it is a very important step because it _____. (1.8) [Hint]

 gives the investigator a systematic, unbiased result
 allows rejection of some alternative hypotheses
 ensures that hypotheses can be confirmed with certainty
 ensures that the variable being tested is measured without error
 gives scientists a chance to work in the laboratory
34 .       Two garden plots were planted with corn. The soil was similar in each, and equal amounts of water were applied to each plot. One plot was fertilized, the other was not. The experimenters measured the yield as bushels of corn from each plot. The plot that did not receive the fertilizer was the _____. (1.8) [Hint]

 experimental plot
 control plot
 controlled variable
 dependent variable
 all of the above
35 .       A hypothesis must be testable to be scientifically valid. Being testable means that _____. (1.8) [Hint]

 some conceivable observation could prove the hypothesis incorrect
 only a controlled experiment can indicate whether the hypothesis is correct or incorrect
 the hypothesis has been proven wrong
 there must be several options in the hypothesis to choose from, one of which is correct
 if the hypothesis is disproven the experiment was a failure
36 .       A company was testing a new drug they thought would help decrease the risk of transmiting viruses from mother to fetus. In an experiment to test the compound, a worker gave 400 pregnant female rats a small dose of the experimental drug and inoculated each with a type of virus known to cause disease in rats. 400 additional pregnant rats were given only the virus. 203 of the rat pups born to the females that received both the virus and the drug showed no symptoms of the disease; 207 rat pups born to virus-only females showed symptoms. From this test, we can best conclude _____. (1.8) [Hint]

 that the drug is 2% effective and testing on humans should begin
 that the drug seems to have little effect on viral transmission at the dosage given
 nothing, because no independent variable could be identified
 nothing, because no control group was used in the test of the drug
 the drug enhances disease progression
37 .       The best method for determining whether bean plants require sodium is to _____. (1.8) [Hint]

 measure the amount of sodium in a few bean plants
 measure how fast radioactive sodium enters the plant
 look for sodium in leaf tissues using autoradiography
 analyze root contents for sodium
 grow bean plants with and without sodium
38 .       At least _____ of North America's rain forests have been heavily logged. (1.8) [Hint]

 50%
 60%
 65%
 75%
 85%