Chapter Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
Activities
1 .
You are a(n) _____ .
(Activity 2A)
[
Hint
]
tissue
organ system
organism
organ
cell
2 .
Which of these choices includes the others?
(Activity 2A)
[
Hint
]
atom
organism
cell
tissue
molecule
3 .
Which of these is an organ system?
(Activity 2A)
[
Hint
]
stomach
mucosa
dog
digestive
gamete
4 .
An organ, such as the liver, is composed of _____.
(Activity 2A)
[
Hint
]
organs
populations
atoms
communities
tissues
5 .
The basic unit of life is the _____.
(Activity 2A)
[
Hint
]
cell
atom
organism
population
molecule
6 .
What is the atomic number of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?
(Activity 2B)
[
Hint
]
18
12
0
6
-1
7 .
Which of these refers to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses?
(Activity 2B)
[
Hint
]
These atoms are different elements.
These atoms have different numbers of electrons.
These atoms are isomers.
These atoms are isotopes.
These atoms have different numbers of protons.
8 .
Fluorine's atomic number is 9 and its atomic mass is 19. How many neutrons does fluorine have?
(Activity 2B)
[
Hint
]
81
9
19
28
10
9 .
An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many protons does boron have?
(Activity 2B)
[
Hint
]
0
5
6
11
16
10 .
The innermost electron shell of an atom can hold up to _____ electrons.
(Activity 2C)
[
Hint
]
2
18
32
8
1
11 .
Which of these relationships is true of an uncharged atom?
(Activity 2C)
[
Hint
]
The atomic mass is equal to the number of electrons.
The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.
The number of neutrons is equal to the number of protons.
The atomic mass is equal to the atomic number.
The number of electrons is equal to the number of neutrons.
12 .
What determines the types of chemical reactions that an atom participates in?
(Activity 2C)
[
Hint
]
its atomic mass
the number of electrons in the innermost electron shell
the number of electrons in the outermost electron shell
the number of protons it contains
its atomic number
13 .
In salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chlorine?
(Activity 2E)
[
Hint
]
polar covalent
nonpolar covalent
hydrogen
hydrophobic
ionic
14 .
Click to open the animation
. What is the result of the animated process?
(Activity 2E)
[
Hint
]
a positively charged sodium ion and a negatively charged chlorine ion
a positively charged sodium ion and a positively charged chlorine ion
covalent bond formation
a negatively charged sodium ion and a positively charged chlorine ion
a negatively charged sodium ion and a negatively charged chlorine ion
15 .
An ionic bond involves _____.
(Activity 2E)
[
Hint
]
the sharing of a single pair of electrons
an attraction between ions of opposite charge
no atoms other than sodium and chlorine
the unequal sharing of an electron pair
water avoidance
16 .
What type of bond is joining the two hydrogen atoms?
(Activity 2F)
[
Hint
]
covalent
hydrogen
ionic
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
17 .
A(n) _____ refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
(Activity 2F)
[
Hint
]
ion
isotope
community
shell
molecule
18 .
This atom can form up to _____ single covalent bond(s).
(Activity 2F)
[
Hint
]
0
1
2
3
4
19 .
A(n) _____ bond joins these two oxygen atoms.
(Activity 2F)
[
Hint
]
single covalent
ionic
quadruple covalent
hydrogen
double covalent
20 .
Which of these figures correctly illustrates the nature of the bonding of H
2
O?
(Activity 2F)
[
Hint
]
21 .
What type of bond joins the carbon atom to each of the hydrogen atoms?
(Activity 2F)
[
Hint
]
hydrogen
single (nonpolar) covalent
ionic
polar covalent
double (nonpolar) covalent
22 .
Each water molecule is joined to _____ other water molecules by ____ bonds.
(Activity 2H)
[
Hint
]
two ... hydrogen
four ... hydrogen
three ... ionic
four ... polar covalent
two ... polar covalent
23 .
The unequal sharing of electrons within a water molecule makes the water molecule _____.
(Activity 2H)
[
Hint
]
change easily from a liquid to gaseous form
ionic
hydrophobic
polar
have a low surface tension
24 .
The tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward itself is referred to as its _____.
(Activity 2H)
[
Hint
]
electronegativity
covalency
ionic potential
polarity
tonicity
25 .
In this molecule, what type of bond is found between the oxygen and hydrogens?
(Activity 2H)
[
Hint
]
polar covalent
hydrophobic
ionic
hydrophilic
nonpolar covalent
26 .
Which of these bonds is weakest?
(Activity 2H)
[
Hint
]
27 .
Why isn't this insect drowning?
(Activity 2H)
[
Hint
]
Surface tension.
The insect is very light.
It is difficult to change the temperature of water.
The insect is swimming.
The insect is flying just above the water surface.
28 .
Click to open the animation
. What process is illustrated by this animation?
(Activity 2I)
[
Hint
]
push
antigravity
evaporation
precipitation
gravity
29 .
What is the arrow pointing to?
(Activity 2J)
[
Hint
]
water molecule
hydroxide ion
electron
hydrogen ion
hydronium ion
30 .
What is the arrow pointing to?
(Activity 2J)
[
Hint
]
hydrogen ion
proton
hydroxide ion
hydronium ion
water
31 .
In a neutral solution the concentration of _____.
(Activity 2J)
[
Hint
]
hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions
water molecules is less than the concentration of hydrogen ions
hydrogen ions is less than the concentration of hydroxide ions
water molecules is less than the concentration of hydroxide ions
hydrogen ions is greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions
32 .
How does the pH of the solution on the right compare with that of the solution on the left?
(Activity 2J)
[
Hint
]
The solution on the right is neutral relative to the solution on the left.
Both of these solutions are equally acidic.
The solution on the right is basic relative to the solution on the left.
Both of these solutions are equally basic.
The solution on the right is acidic relative to the solution on the left.
