1. Measurements in science are communicated by using (Points: 2.22)
a numerical value.
a unit.
either a numerical value or a unit.
both a numerical value and a unit.
2. Pseudoscience refers to (Points: 2.22)
measurements made using the English system rather than the metric system.
the use of selected pieces of scientific information to mislead or confuse.
experiments conducted by computer simulation.
data collected in the field without adequate laboratory controls.
3. A scientist would say that Newton's "laws" of motion (Points: 2.22)
control the motion of objects.
determine the motion of objects.
describe the motion of objects.
explain why objects change their state of motion.
4. Scientists engaged in scientific investigations generally (Points: 2.22)
follow the same series of five specific steps.
agree on the definition of "the scientific method."
collect observations, develop explanations, and test explanations.
develop theoretical equations to describe their observations.
5. A controlled experiment compares two situations that (Points: 2.22)
have all variables identical except for the one under investigation.
have all variables the same.
have no variables.
use only a control group.
6. A controlled experiment has (Points: 2.22)
all factors tightly regulated.
a known outcome every time the experiment is run.
all the influencing factors identical except one.
no practical value.
7. The volume of a sample of water is 20 cm3. The mass of this sample is (Points: 2.22)
20 kilograms
20 grams
20 milligrams
20 ounces
8. Equations are used to (Points: 2.22)
describe a property.
define a concept.
describe how quantities change together.
All of the above.
9. Which pair of variables defines motion? (Points: 2.22)
speed and distance
time and momentum
change of position and passage of time
speed and passage of time
10. What is a difference between an object's speed and velocity? (Points: 2.22)
Speed includes direction as well as the rate of travel.
Velocity includes time during which travel occurred.
Velocity includes the direction of travel whereas speed does not.
There is no difference.
11. The term inertia means which of the following? The tendency of an object to (Points: 2.22)
maintain its mass.
remain in motion.
remain in rest or motion.
stop the motion of other objects.
12. The kinetic energy of a moving object can be measured in terms of (Points: 2.22)
how much work was done putting the object into motion.
How much work is needed to bring the object to a stop.
1/2mv2
Any of the above.
13. According to Newton's second law of motion, acceleration is proportional to force. That means a larger force (Points: 2.22)
produces a smaller acceleration.
doesn't affect acceleration.
produces a smaller mass.
produces a larger acceleration.
14. Work, in a scientific sense, is (Points: 2.22)
any physical effort that makes you tired.
the time it takes to perform a task.
the product of a force and the distance an object moves as a result of the force.
measured in newtons.
15. A roller coaster converts energy from potential energy to kinetic energy and back again. Which of the following statements is true regarding the roller coaster as an energy converter. (Points: 2.22)
The maximum potential energy occurs at the top of the first hill.
The highest hill on the roller coaster is always the last hill so patrons can have the maximum thrill at the end of the ride.
Outside energy is required at many stages in a roller coaster ride.
Energy conservation is ideal because friction is kept at a maximum.
16. Which two fundamental properties are used to describe motion? (Points: 2.22)
mass and distance
length and time
speed and time
distance and speed
17. Which of the following statements is correct? (Points: 2.22)
Energy and power share the same units.
A bowling ball and a baseball dropped from the roof possess the same kinetic energy after falling five meters.
As a bowling ball falls from a rooftop, its potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
The potential energy of a bowling ball and a baseball on the ledge of a roof are the same.
18. Today, most of the energy needs in the USA are supplied by (Points: 2.22)
nuclear
coal
petroleum
natural gas
19. Almost all energy used on the earth can be traced back to the ultimate source of (Points: 2.22)
petroleum
solar
coal
hydropower
20. A physiological mechanism associated with loss of body heat is (Points: 2.22)
decreased blood flow to the skin.
involuntary muscle contractions or shivering.
contraction of muscles associated with hair follicles forming goos bumps.
dilation of blood vessels in the skin or flushing.
21. If the forces on an object are balanced, the object will (Points: 2.22)
remain at rest if initially at rest.
continue moving in a straight line if initially moving in a straight line.
Both of the above answers are correct.
None of the above answers are correct.
22. Scientifically, the most accurate definition of the temperature of a substance is (Points: 2.22)
the measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules in that substance.
whether the substance feels cold or hot.
the range of kinetic energy present in the molecules in that substance.
a measure of the maximum kinetic energy of the molecules in that substance.
23. A teaspoon of sugar has 18 Calories. This is equivalent to (Points: 2.22)
18,000 calories
18 kilocalories
75312 joules
all of the above
24. Ice keeps your drink cool because melting ice (Points: 2.22)
absorbs the latent heat of fusion.
releases the latent heat of fusion.
absorbs the latent heat of vaporization.
releases the latent heat of vaporization.
25. Electric current originates from which part of an atom? (Points: 2.22)
nucleus
positively charged protons
negatively charged electrons
entire atom acting as a unit
26. Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of heat? (Points: 2.22)
Heat is a measure of the internal energy that has been absorbed or transferred from one body to another.
The heat content of an object can be increased from a temperature difference, with energy flowing from the region of higher temperature to the region of lower temperature.
The heat content of an object can be increased from an energy-form conversion.
Heat is the average kinetic energy of the molecules that make up a substance.
27. When a person combs her hair, static electricity is sometimes generated by what process? (Points: 2.22)
Contact between the comb and hair results in a charge.
Friction between the comb and hair transfers electrons.
Deduction between the comb and hair.
Induction between the comb and hair.
28. Which of the following defines molecules in a liquid state? (Points: 2.22)
Molecules vibrating around a fixed equilibrium position and held in place by strong cohesive forces.
Molecules can rotate and rollover each other because the cohesive forces are only moderately strong.
Molecules can move any way in random, free paths because there are no adhesive forces.
A state of matter which contains only charged particles.
29. Electrical voltage is a measure of (Points: 2.22)
total amount of current.
how much current is moving through a circuit.
the ratio of work done moving electric charges.
how many electrons are moving through a wire.
30. What is the definition of electric current? A flow of (Points: 2.22)
electric charge in units of volts per s.
electric charge in units of coulomb per s.
electrons in units of electrons per s.
protons in units of protons per s.
31. Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by (Points: 2.22)
electrons.
protons.
neutrons.
empty space.
32. The outer electrons of an atom that participate in chemical bonding are called the ________ electrons. (Points: 2.22)
reactant
valence
net
product
33. Atoms A and B have achieved the noble gas structure by transferring electrons. Select the correct statement about A and B. (Points: 2.22)
A and B have formed a covalent bond.
A and B have formed a metallic bond.
A and B have formed an ionic bond.
Both A and B must be metals.
34. Choose the best description of a galaxy. (Points: 2.22)
A group of several billion stars that form the basic unit of the universe.
The cluster of stars of which the Sun is a part.
A symmetrical and tightly packed cluster of up to a million stars.
A group of up to a thousand stars that are gravitationally bound.
35. Today, the universe is understood to be (Points: 2.22)
expanding at an increasing rate.
expanding at a decreasing rate.
steady, not expanding and not contracting.
contracting at a steady rate.
36. What is the source of energy in a star? (Points: 2.22)
nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
combustion
oxidation
37. As viewed from Earth, the Sun and all the planets appear to move (Points: 2.22)
anywhere in the sky from east to west.
anywhere in the sky from west to east.
within a band sometimes, but not always.
within a narrow band across the sky.
38. The atomic number identifies the total number of (Points: 2.22)
particles in an atom.
protons in the nucleus.
neutrons in the nucleus.
particles in the nucleus.
39. What is the basic structural unit of which all living things are composed? (Points: 2.22)
organs
cells
organisms
tissues
40. The primary evidence for the structure of Earth's core comes from (Points: 2.22)
fossil evidence.
core samples.
paleomagnetic evidence.
seisomological studies.
41. Nitrogen fixing bacteria (Points: 2)
live in the soil.
return nitrogen gas to the atmosphere.
capture nitrogen through the process of photosynthesis.
have very small populations.
42. The most important result of mitosis is the (Points: 2.22)
production of new varieties of cells to meet changes in the environment.
exact duplication of the parent cell's genetic information.
equal division of the parent cell's genetic information between two daughter cells.
equal distribution of the parent's cytoplasm between two daughter cells.
43. Chromosomes are (Points: 2.22)
composed of DNA and lipid.
found free floating in the cytoplasm.
composed of DNA and carbohydrates.
composed of DNA and protein.
44. Earth's orbit is slightly elliptical, so it (Points: 2.22)
always moves with a constant speed.
has a constant distance to the Sun.
has a variable speed and a variable distance to the Sun.
has a constant speed and a variable distance to the Sun.
45. A nucleus is found in (Points: 2.22)
bacteria.
fungi.
Archaea
All of these answers are true.
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